INDIA YEAR BOOK 2016

 

 

Chapter -1   Land and the peopleindia-2016-

  • Area of India = 32,87,263 km2
  • 7th largest in terms of area and second largest in terms of population.
  • India in northern hemisphere of earth between latitude 80 4’ and 3706’ North, longitude 680 7’ and 970 25’ East.
  • Distance between Northern-most and southern-most point = 3,214 km and eastern and western most points= 2,933 km.
  • Length of land frontier =15,200 km
  • Length of coastline = 7,516.6 km
  • Countries sharing border in the
  1. North-west- Afghanistan and Pakistan
  2. North – China Nepal and Bhutan
  3. East –Myanmar and Bangladesh
  4. South – Palk strait separates from Sri Lanka.
  • Total =29 state and 7 Union Territory.
  • The main land comprises four regions –
  1. The great mountains, zone
  2. Plains of Ganga and Brahmaputra
  3. The Desert region
  4. The southern peninsula.

Note – Other data related geography covered in geography section.

Climate/Season –

  • Indian climate =Tropical monsoon type
  • The meteorological department of India (IMD) declares four seasons i.e.-
  1. Winter – from December to early April
  2. Summer or pre monsoon – from April to June
  3. Monsoon – from June to September
  4. Post monsoon – October to December
  • Traditionally Indian note six seasons, each 2 months long in a year i.e.-
  1. Spring (Vasant)
  2. Summer (Grishma)
  3. Monsoon (Varsha)
  4. Early Autumn (Sharada)
  5. Late Autumn(Hemanta)
  6. Winter (shishira).
  • Indian climate effected by 2 seasonal winds i.e.

  1. The north east monsoon
  2. The south west monsoon(bring most of the rainfall)

 

FLORA

  • India rich in flora have 9th position in world and 5th in Asia in plant diversity.
  • 70% geographical area surveyed in India so far over 46000 species described by Botanical survey of India (BSI) Kolkata.
  • BSI brings out an inventory of endangered plants in the form of a publication titled “RED DATA BOOK”.
FAUNA
  • 2 % OF Worlds land area in india have over 7.50% of species of animals in the world.
  • Accounts for 92037 species
  • 61375 insects alone.

 

Note – next topic is census in year book will complete its separately